The creation of the Stanford Industrial Park was a or intentional effort to create "a high-tech center next to a university cooperative", but other important elements of Silicon Valley were not plan IFIC-intentioned but not unexpected. The evolution of Silicon Valley is the result of a series individual initiatives, great innovations and interactions between agents by means of social and professional networks in continuous expansion. The conditions necessary to reproduce the SV are
1 .- Entrepreneurs:
entrepreneurs transform ideas into products and its ability to take the risks necessary to make an innovative product to market is influenced by the culture of the region. Any region struggles to develop a sustainable innovation economy needs to foster a culture of entrepreneurship in their community enterprise arial and educate the next generation of entrepreneurs in their educational institutions.
Silicon Valley has a very entrepreneurial culture and dis position to take risks with a strong work ethic, whose distinctive features are the bold moves, radical thought and some failures.
According to the Center for Entrepreneurship at the University of Ohio the profile of the typical entrepreneur in the field of high technology is:
2 .- Universities and research centers:
research universities, knowledge institutions and laboratories are incubator companies ideas and innovations and also provide crucial training to labor in the region and offer companies access to laboratories and high technology equipment.
The world's leading universities like UC Berkeley, UC San Francisco and Stanford form the foundation of a leading innovation economy, and is pa ra attract the best staff you need to have the best Univera the world. This can be done through the following mechanisms:
The University of California has been a leader among the universities U.S. ades obtain new patents for the past 15 years. In 2005 the University of California had 390 patents, the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology ) 136 patents, CALTECH (California Institute of Technology ) 101 patents and Stanford University 90 patents.
developed processes and technologies s patented by UC campus SF (University of California, San Francisco ), UC Berkeley, UC San Diego (Universit and of California, San Diego ) and UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) are transferred to the private sector through programs licensing aggressive and well managed, and have had a significant impact on the breadth and depth of innovative products and services produced by Silicon Valley companies, especially in the fields of telecommunications, information technology and biotechnology.
3 .- Capital Investment :
Entrepreneurs typical high-tech SV normalmenet want to launch a revolutionary product and win big money. For a high-tech company can grow big and fast infusion of cash needs. Cash is the lifeblood of high technology companies, especially when the company will have to focus on developing products for a time that will have little revenue from sales, or none.
Normally companies do not get funding from a venture capital firm but are entrepreneurs who invest a significant amount of personal resources, and even take a second mortgage on your house, before seeking additional funding. But when resources are not sufficient to fuel the growth, the entrepreneur begins to seek external finanaciación, and they become more sophisticated entrepreneurs who come to angel investors during the startup , instead of going to family or friends. The angel investors contribute money, entrepreneurial experts, links to personal contacts and access to social and professional networks. These are the main source of the startup and provide early stage financing, when venture capital is not willing to throw the risk.
1 .- Entrepreneurs:
entrepreneurs transform ideas into products and its ability to take the risks necessary to make an innovative product to market is influenced by the culture of the region. Any region struggles to develop a sustainable innovation economy needs to foster a culture of entrepreneurship in their community enterprise arial and educate the next generation of entrepreneurs in their educational institutions.
Silicon Valley has a very entrepreneurial culture and dis position to take risks with a strong work ethic, whose distinctive features are the bold moves, radical thought and some failures.
According to the Center for Entrepreneurship at the University of Ohio the profile of the typical entrepreneur in the field of high technology is:
- Revolutionary want to change the world with great id eas and new technologies. Qu
- IERE be a global actor from the beginning.
- Expert develop extensive local networks.
- Highly competitive and willing to throw risks.
- Cree on speed, time to market is crucian.
- Want a great honor but also seeks to respect, influence and fame.
- want to control the market, not just the company.
- team player in both the organization and the network.
- He loves to recognize and celebrate the achievements and successes of the d EMAS.
- Many become investors to replicate the success and Artira comp expertise and ideas.
2 .- Universities and research centers:
research universities, knowledge institutions and laboratories are incubator companies ideas and innovations and also provide crucial training to labor in the region and offer companies access to laboratories and high technology equipment.
The world's leading universities like UC Berkeley, UC San Francisco and Stanford form the foundation of a leading innovation economy, and is pa ra attract the best staff you need to have the best Univera the world. This can be done through the following mechanisms:
- generating intellectual property and license on it, participating faculty as consultants and advisors companies, supporting the teachers so you can take advantage of their innovations
- private sector providing a constant flow of labor force talented engineers, managers, designers
- providing access to innovative latest equipment and laboratories
- promoting continuous dialogue between experts from the business world, teachers and students.
The UC Berkeley ( University of California, Berkeley ) somatostatin has contributed to the Silicon Valley, by one hand, supporting the key industry clusters in the region by training their workforce, and on the other hand, transferring knowledge, innovations and new technologies from their campus to startups and established companies in the private sector. The 5 cluster crucial to the success of Silicon Valley:
- Bioscience: pharmaceutical companies, medical research laboratories and instrument manufacturing boimédico
- Computer and Semiconductor
- Information Technology
- I lecomunicaciones: communication services and equipment manufacturing
- Aerospace
The University of California has been a leader among the universities U.S. ades obtain new patents for the past 15 years. In 2005 the University of California had 390 patents, the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology ) 136 patents, CALTECH (California Institute of Technology ) 101 patents and Stanford University 90 patents.
developed processes and technologies s patented by UC campus SF (University of California, San Francisco ), UC Berkeley, UC San Diego (Universit and of California, San Diego ) and UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) are transferred to the private sector through programs licensing aggressive and well managed, and have had a significant impact on the breadth and depth of innovative products and services produced by Silicon Valley companies, especially in the fields of telecommunications, information technology and biotechnology.
3 .- Capital Investment :
Entrepreneurs typical high-tech SV normalmenet want to launch a revolutionary product and win big money. For a high-tech company can grow big and fast infusion of cash needs. Cash is the lifeblood of high technology companies, especially when the company will have to focus on developing products for a time that will have little revenue from sales, or none.
Normally companies do not get funding from a venture capital firm but are entrepreneurs who invest a significant amount of personal resources, and even take a second mortgage on your house, before seeking additional funding. But when resources are not sufficient to fuel the growth, the entrepreneur begins to seek external finanaciación, and they become more sophisticated entrepreneurs who come to angel investors during the startup , instead of going to family or friends. The angel investors contribute money, entrepreneurial experts, links to personal contacts and access to social and professional networks. These are the main source of the startup and provide early stage financing, when venture capital is not willing to throw the risk.
Hans Severiens , founder of the Band of Angels SV, attributes the sergimientos of angel investors in high technology to increase the use of stock options as a form of deferred payment. In the 70's but a few top executives, 10-15, the companies received stock options, but in the 80's and 90's stock options used as a tool to ensure that senior managers and key engineers remained in the business long enough to achieve the business goal of society. Many companies which were very successful made many of these engineers and senior managers dienero they won a lot, and some of them took the money and knowledge and sought to invest in startups. As wealth grew with those who had been senior executives and managers of high-tech companies made personal investments in many startups, creating a new middle class of investors. A survey by the Center for Venture Research at the University of New Hampshir found that the typical angel investor has the following features:
- more than 90% are male with 40-60 years
- has a master or other postgraduate degree and have previous experience in startups
- annual income in the range of $ 100,000 $ 250,000
- aims at a yield of 20% compounded
- expects to maintain investment between five and seven years
- likes to invest in high tech you know and prefer to product manufacturers or
- prefers to invest in fast-growing startups and take the role active consultant or advisor to the company
However, in ten investments which seven are known to fail, two will do well and will be a great success. This means that three companies (two with a good growth for and with exceptional growth) will pay for the remainder of failed projects. Statistics show that most start-ups based on new technologies fail, and that is why investors will only invest in companies that have the potential to be sold or operating (or will operate) in stock. If you want to see examples of companies that have been financed this method (as Y ouTube) click here , plus it is the article where I got the information on this term.
talented 4.-Workers:
Labor SV is the basis of its high level of productivity and the best scientists, engineers and experts from around the world working for companies in the SV value rate to dded per employee in the SV is the highest U.S. and in 2006 the value a dded U.S. generated per employee finally reached the level that workers SV had reached a decade earlier.
skilled immigrants are an important part of the workforce SV and as Joint Venture: Silicon Valley Network "more than half the talent in science and ingniería (S & E) of the region was born in abroad. In 2000 this group constituted 49% of the total in 2005 rose to 55% of jobs in science and engineering. The foreign-born talent of SV represents approximately three times the national proportion in S & E and in total employment. "
The arrival of talent from India and China has been particularly notable because, in part because these two countries have adapted the education of their students to have access to American universities, the high acceptance of diversity in SV and well developed social and professional networks of Chinese and Indian residents of SV. Today SV technologists say that the Valley is built on ICs, but no longer refer to "integrated circuits" laos but Chinese and Indian engineers.
In an environment as competitive as the current SV companies face the challenge of keeping talented employees. For this SV companies offer employees benefits in the workplace such as at work gyms, cafeterias, day care, mechanical Car, laundry services, dentists, massage, vacation plans, yoga classes, free sessions with psychologists and alegazamiento programs. The aim of all the advantages offered in the workplace is to make employees feel valued and help them meet their health and fitness, to encourage employees to work more productively, sometimes very long days. Working hours of 10-15 hours are not unusual in the SV. A study analyzing the 50 best companies to work on the SV, including Google, Yahoo, Cisco Systems, Hewlett Packard, Intel, eBay and Applied Materials, stressed that the 50 companies surveyed offered employees 44 vacation ranged from 10-30 days annually. According aprendemas.com, Americans routinely enjoy 15 days annual leave but legally there is a minimum of holidays (for more information on holidays by country click here ), and according to Joe Robinson, author of "Work to live " , only 14% of Americans have at least 2 weeks paid vacation.
Some of the extraordinary working conditions and benefits of Google, to ensure they can recruit and retain top talent are employees gourmet cafes, kiosks serve tea, coffee, soft drinks and snacks free in all buildings lso, comes fully equipped gym with free access to trainers and massage therapists, laundry, dry cleaning, hairdressing, car washing, etc. Google is like the paradise of the workplace and paid to knowledge workers to be effective. In addition, Google most projects are managed as a team, and that the "lone rangers do not survive in Google, they are discarded in the preliminary job interviews." Fostering creativity is also an important value in Google so engineers can spend one day a week working on a project of their choice under the supervision of management, In fact, some of the best ideas from Google are the product of this policy of work organization.
Many of the practices and business benefits of Google are followed to some extent by many large companies firmly established in the SV
5 .- social and professional networks:
talented 4.-Workers:
Labor SV is the basis of its high level of productivity and the best scientists, engineers and experts from around the world working for companies in the SV value rate to dded per employee in the SV is the highest U.S. and in 2006 the value a dded U.S. generated per employee finally reached the level that workers SV had reached a decade earlier.
skilled immigrants are an important part of the workforce SV and as Joint Venture: Silicon Valley Network "more than half the talent in science and ingniería (S & E) of the region was born in abroad. In 2000 this group constituted 49% of the total in 2005 rose to 55% of jobs in science and engineering. The foreign-born talent of SV represents approximately three times the national proportion in S & E and in total employment. "
The arrival of talent from India and China has been particularly notable because, in part because these two countries have adapted the education of their students to have access to American universities, the high acceptance of diversity in SV and well developed social and professional networks of Chinese and Indian residents of SV. Today SV technologists say that the Valley is built on ICs, but no longer refer to "integrated circuits" laos but Chinese and Indian engineers.
In an environment as competitive as the current SV companies face the challenge of keeping talented employees. For this SV companies offer employees benefits in the workplace such as at work gyms, cafeterias, day care, mechanical Car, laundry services, dentists, massage, vacation plans, yoga classes, free sessions with psychologists and alegazamiento programs. The aim of all the advantages offered in the workplace is to make employees feel valued and help them meet their health and fitness, to encourage employees to work more productively, sometimes very long days. Working hours of 10-15 hours are not unusual in the SV. A study analyzing the 50 best companies to work on the SV, including Google, Yahoo, Cisco Systems, Hewlett Packard, Intel, eBay and Applied Materials, stressed that the 50 companies surveyed offered employees 44 vacation ranged from 10-30 days annually. According aprendemas.com, Americans routinely enjoy 15 days annual leave but legally there is a minimum of holidays (for more information on holidays by country click here ), and according to Joe Robinson, author of "Work to live " , only 14% of Americans have at least 2 weeks paid vacation.
Some of the extraordinary working conditions and benefits of Google, to ensure they can recruit and retain top talent are employees gourmet cafes, kiosks serve tea, coffee, soft drinks and snacks free in all buildings lso, comes fully equipped gym with free access to trainers and massage therapists, laundry, dry cleaning, hairdressing, car washing, etc. Google is like the paradise of the workplace and paid to knowledge workers to be effective. In addition, Google most projects are managed as a team, and that the "lone rangers do not survive in Google, they are discarded in the preliminary job interviews." Fostering creativity is also an important value in Google so engineers can spend one day a week working on a project of their choice under the supervision of management, In fact, some of the best ideas from Google are the product of this policy of work organization.
Many of the practices and business benefits of Google are followed to some extent by many large companies firmly established in the SV
5 .- social and professional networks:
Another key element of success SV's business environment is highly collaborative, interconnected, which allows companies to leverage the strengths of the respective SV and facilitates rapid exchange of information. Through social and professional networks, both formal and informal, academic researchers, venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, ingeniermpeos and support professionals can share in-depth ideas, contacts, resources, etc. SV for social networks perform the following functions:
The SV has the social and professional networks that create connections between research universities and knowledge centers in the region and outside it, between them and the companies. In addition, networks of entrepreneurs connecting SV inmigrates of India, China, Iran, Israel, France and elsewhere in the labor market and social sorganizaciones region. SV networks connect to venture capital invesores India, Taiwan and Israel with SV startups
6 .- Quality of Life:
Quality of life is one of the key elements of ecosystem innovation and is characterized by:
provides tremendous benefits for communities across the Bay Area, including SV A city with the cultural richness and beauty of San Francisco becomes a catalyst and an agent of economic vitality throughout the region.
Sources: "ecology of innovation", Tapan Munroe, PhD & Mark Wstwind, MPA, enjambre.org , band of angels, Wikipedia and Investopedia .
- networks help shape and define the labor market, especially when there is a very mobile workforce .
- networks help to define the structure of power and influncia in the region.
- Networks play an important role in the transformation of innovation into successful products and services.
The SV has the social and professional networks that create connections between research universities and knowledge centers in the region and outside it, between them and the companies. In addition, networks of entrepreneurs connecting SV inmigrates of India, China, Iran, Israel, France and elsewhere in the labor market and social sorganizaciones region. SV networks connect to venture capital invesores India, Taiwan and Israel with SV startups
6 .- Quality of Life:
Quality of life is one of the key elements of ecosystem innovation and is characterized by:
- Mediterranean climate
- Environment High Quality of Life
provides tremendous benefits for communities across the Bay Area, including SV A city with the cultural richness and beauty of San Francisco becomes a catalyst and an agent of economic vitality throughout the region.
- Culture Comopolita
Sources: "ecology of innovation", Tapan Munroe, PhD & Mark Wstwind, MPA, enjambre.org , band of angels, Wikipedia and Investopedia .
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